Motor Controls
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------- Motor Controllers include the means for starting and stopping a motor, and typically include other functions as well. Motor controllers are classified by the type of motor it is to drive, such as permanent magnet, servo, series, separately excited, and alternating current. The controller connects to a power source such as a battery pack or power supply, and also control circuitry in the form of digital or analog input signals. Motor StartersA small motor can be started by simply plugging it into an electrical receptacle or by using a switch or circuit breaker. A larger motor requires a specialized switching unit called a motor starter or motor contactor. When energized, a direct on line (DOL) starter immediately connects the motor terminals directly to the power supply. Reduced-voltage, star-delta or soft starters connects the motor to the power supply through a voltage reduction device and increases the applied voltage gradually or in steps. Reduced Voltage StartersTwo or more contactors may be used to provide reduced voltage starting of a motor. By using an autotransformer or a series inductance, a lower voltage is present at the motor terminals, reducing starting torque and inrush current. Adjustable Speed DrivesAn adjustable-speed drive (ASD) or variable-speed drive (VSD) is an interconnected combination of equipment that provides a means of driving and adjusting the operating speed of a mechanical load. Intelligent ControllersAn Intelligent Motor Controls (IMC) uses a microprocessor to control power electronic devices used for motor control. IMCs monitor the load on a motor and accordingly match motor torque to motor load. This is accomplished by reducing the voltage to the AC terminals and at the same time lowering current and kvar.
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